Citicoline (CDP-choline) powder

CDP-choline, also known as citicoline is a naturally occurring substance found in human cell tissue. Like alpha-GPC and phosphatidylcholine, it is among the phospholipids that can be orally supplemented as a highly bioavailable choline source, and as such is commonly used together with racetams or other cholinergic nootropic compounds.

Choline and its metabolites are required for the maintenance of structural integrity and signaling role for cell membranes, proper liver function as well as the synthesis of acetylcholine. Nootropic properties of CDP-choline do not only stem from the involvement of that neurotransmitter in the function of memory, its effect on information processing speed and cognitive flexibility, as it also displays some dopaminergic effects. The second metabolite of CDP-choline, cytidine, is crucial for the synthesis of uridine, which has been shown to increase the density D1 and D2 receptors and their sensitivity.

Citicoline is among the most researched nootropic compounds with numerous scientifically proven benefits. Several studies have demonstrated its memory-enhancing effects as well as its beneficial effects for attention, focus, and concentration in healthy individuals. It is hypothesized that CDP-choline might help modulate dopamine pathways, which could alleviate the symptoms of ADHD and support recovery from substance abuse. In one study, participants who received CDP-choline for 28 days exhibited significant improvements in motor speed, attention, and reaction time. Results of some studies also suggest that the supplementation of CDP-choline can improve mood, motivation, mental energy and overall well-being.

CDP-choline has also been found to support mitochondrial function, possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, and by regulating the levels of glutamate, it can potentially prevent glutamate excitotoxicity. Animal studies link CDP-choline to increased expression of plasticity-related proteins and growth factors, such as BDNF and NGF. It has been shown to slow down cognitive decline related to aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, aid in the recovery process following traumatic brain injury, neuroprotection and neurorepair in ischemic stroke.

Benefits of taking CDP-choline

• improved memory;
• enhanced attention and focus;
• boost in mental energy;
• enhanced mood and overall well-being;
• increased motivation;
• enhanced learning;
• decreased anxiety;
• highly bioavailable choline source;
• neuroprotection and neuro-regeneration;
• increased motor speed and reaction time;
• possible aid in drug use cessation.

Side effects

Side effects of citicoline are usually mild and transient.

• diarrhea;
• abdominal pain;
• body odor alteration.

Contraindications

• active psychotic episode.

Interactions

• anti-psychotics (medical consultation advised).

Dosage

CDP-choline is taken orally, with or without food. While doses up to 2000 mg have been clinically studied and are considered safe, it is most typically dosed at 250 – 300 mg twice or thrice a day.