ISRIB
ISRIB (integrated stress response inhibitor) is an experimental nootropic drug that was discovered in the laboratory of Peter Walter at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) through a semi-automated screening of a large library of small molecules.
It has been found promising due to its inhibitory effect on eIF2α phosphorylation -induced stress granule formation, which is known for its detrimental impact on new memory creation.
In connection with the above, it is evident that its discovery process lies someplace in the middle of the continuum stretched between the somewhat abrupt, unexpected thrill of the prototypical “eureka” moment and the finest, increasingly popular art of custom molecule design.
ISRIB was tested to see whether it would be active in vivo and was found to readily cross the blood-brain barrier, with a half-life of eight hours.
It has shown various cognitive benefits across multiple studies in mice. One of the earliest studies from 2013 found that it enhanced spatial and fear-associated learning, as measured by standard water-maze and conditioned environment tests.
Subsequent studies indicated the compound improved the ability of brain-injured mice to learn and form memories on memory tests, showing great promise for the future applications in reversing impairments from traumatic brain injury. In fact, ISRIB treatment restored memory formation in mice even months after they had suffered from traumatic brain injury. It also has shown potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Lou Gehrig’s disease.
Other studies in mice have repeatedly shown that IRSIB can help alleviate cognitive deterioration associated with aging, as it reduced age-related cognitive decline in elderly mice, correcting spatial memory deficits and improving working memory.
The initial results have been consistent with later findings in that improved memory has been noted in healthy mice following ISRIB administration.
Lesser-known studies have shown the potential of ISRIB in the treatment of cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common monogenic cause of inherited intellectual disability and ASD, characterized by many common autistic traits including cognitive dysfunction, social phobia, stereotyped behavior, hyperactivity, and hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is found in the majority of males with FXS and 30% of females. ISRIB treatment normalized the rate of dendritic spine elimination and ameliorated social recognition deficits among mice with FXS, increasing social novelty preference.
While all ISRIB research data comes from studies in mice, anecdotal evidence suggests that its benefits go beyond what has been scientifically observed so far, including improved executive function and positive effects on mood.
Benefits of taking ISRIB
- improved memory and learning;
- increased self-awareness;
- enhanced insight;
- better resilience and stress-resistance;
- boost in self-confidence;
- anti-depressant effects;
- increased productivity;
- enhanced verbal fluency;
- decreased social anxiety;
- potential aid in the treatment of cognitive deficits related to traumatic brain injury and “long COVID”.
Side effects
- decreased need for sleep;
- mild insomnia;
- headache;
- squeezing sensation in the forehead.
Dosage
ISRIB is most typically taken orally, usually 10 – 20 mg once a day.
While some users prefer insufflation, it remains unclear whether it increases the bioavailability of the compound.
Intramuscular injections are generally advised against due to prolonged pain and discomfort that ensues.